- Welcome to the UNWC
- About Us
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- What does the Convention say?
- Background and Introduction
- Part I – Scope
- Article 1: Scope of the Present Convention
- Article 2: Use of Terms
- 2.1 Commentary
- 2.1.1 Watercourse
- 2.1.2 International watercourse
- 2.1.3 Ecosystem approach
- 2.1.4 Groundwater
- 2.1.5 Scope of parties – watercourse states and others
- 2.1.6 Regional economic organisations
- 2.1.7 Natural and legal persons
- 2.2 Application: Scope Scenario: Which land based water use activities are covered by the Convention?
- 2.3 Additional reading
- Article 3: Watercourse Agreements
- 3.1 Commentary
- 3.1.1 Contractual relationship between the Convention and pre-existing or future watercourse agreements
- 3.1.2 Relationship of the Convention to parts of shared watercourse or specific projects and rights of third parties
- 3.1.3 Significant adverse effects to other watercourse states – Objective test
- 3.1.4 Negotiating watercourse agreements in good faith
- 3.2 Application
- 3.2.1 Scenario – Do the rights and duties established by the Convention apply exclusively among parties to the Convention?
- 3.2.2 Scenario – What scoping gaps can the Convention fill?
- 3.2.3 Scenario – Application of the Convention to existing agreements where countries party to an existing agreement are also party to the Convention
- 3.2.4 Scenario – Does the Convention require watercourse states to conclude a specific agreement before using an international watercourse?
- 3.3 Additional reading
- Article 4: Parties to Watercourse Agreements
- Quiz – Part I
- Part II – General Principles
- Article 5: Equitable and reasonable utilisation and participation
- Article 6: Factors relevant to equitable and reasonable utilisation
- Article 7: Obligation Not to Cause Significant Harm
- Article 8: General Obligation to Cooperate
- Article 9: Regular Exchange of Data and Information
- Article 10: Relationship Between Different Kinds of Uses
- Quiz – Part II
- Part III – Planned Measures
- Article 11: Information Concerning Planned Measures
- Article 12: Notification Concerning Planned Measures with Possible Adverse Effects
- Article 13: Period for Reply to Notification
- Article 14: Obligations of the Notifying State During the Period for Reply
- Article 15: Reply to Notification
- Article 16: Absence of Reply to Notification
- Article 17: Consultations and Negotiations Concerning Planned Measures
- Article 18: Procedures in the Absence of Notification
- Article 19: Urgent Implementation of Planned Measures
- Quiz – Part III
- Part IV – Protection, Preservation and Management
- Article 20: Protection and Preservation of Ecosystems
- Article 21: Prevention, Reduction and Control of Pollution
- Article 22: Introduction of Alien or New Species
- Article 23: Protection and Preservation of the Marine Environment
- Article 24: Management
- Article 25: Regulation
- Article 26: Installations
- Quiz – Part IV
- Part V: Harmful Conditions and Emergency Situations
- Part VI: Miscellaneous Provisions
- Article 29: International Watercourses and Installations in time of Armed Conflict
- Article 30: Indirect Procedures
- Article 31: Data and Information Vital to National Defence or Security
- Article 32: Non-discrimination
- Article 33: Settlement of Disputes
- 33.1 Commentary
- 33.1.2 Background to Article 33
- 33.1.3 Negotiation and Consultation
- 33.1.4 Joint institutions
- 33.1.5 Good offices and mediation
- 33.1.6 Conciliation
- 33.1.7 Fact-finding and inquiry
- 33.1.8 Legal methods of dispute settlement – Arbitration (Annex 1 UNWC)
- 33.1.9 Legal methods of dispute settlement – Adjudication
- 33.2 Application
- 33.3 Additional reading
- Quiz – Part VI
- Part VII – Final Clauses
- Annex
- Importance
- Global Relevance
- Resources
- Glossary of Terms
- Terms & Conditions
- Privacy Policy